People have often asked me how on earth can only three people—my daughter, my husband and myself—manage to prepare and show as many as 18 head of mules and donkeys for one show?! They say that we must be crazy, and maybe we are a little crazy, but a few simple rules of organization have made this possible.
The first consideration is the grooming of the animals themselves. Anyone who has had to body clip an animal knows how tedious and time-consuming this can be. Mule and donkey hair does not appear to grow back as quickly, nor as radically, as does horse hair, so you can clip your mule, or donkey, as far as 2-3 weeks in advance of your show and do touch up work just before the show. If you have no shows until summer, you may want to body clip in mid-April anyway. It is at this time that the winter hair begins to shed and the summer hair starts to come in. If you clip off the winter hair and blanket him for the remainder of the spring, the hair that grows in will be much more manageable than the heavy winter hair and will greatly reduce grooming time before the show.
Once the heavier coat is eliminated, a weekly grooming will keep his coat nicely maintained. Daily grooming before a show, or every other day, is even better. Each time you groom him before riding, check and clip as needed the muzzle hairs, around the eyes and ears, and around the coronet bands. Leave the hairs inside the ears to prevent irritation from bugs and flies, but trim the outside edges and backs of the ears. An ounce of corn oil in his feed daily will assure a healthy sheen in his coat on show day without the use of artificial highlighters. Trimming, or shoeing, your mule on a regular six-eight week schedule will assure that his feet will not need attending at the last minute. A routine vaccination, deworming, Coggins testing and a permanent brand inspection will make sure he is ready for transport to any show anywhere at any time. Then, all that remains to be done right before the show is minor clipping, bathing, and polishing hooves.
Each individual mule, or donkey, should have his own personal show halter and bridle for convenience. Driving animals should each have their own set of harness. This will help to reduce the time between tack changes while at the show.
Dress rehearsals before the show at home are quite beneficial. Prepare as if you are about to enter each class, one at a time. First, pick the clothing you will need to wear and store it in a designated place in your house. You do not have to actually wear them for the rehearsal. As you pick out the items, take note of the things that need to be cleaned or polished, and set them to the side of the rest of your other clothes.
Then, tack up your animal, checking each piece of equipment to make sure that it is in working order. Go ahead and practice the class. Then, as you unpack your mule, set the tack aside from the rest in your tack room for cleaning later. Do this for each animal in each class. Your animals will do better at the show if they get plenty of rest before the show, so it is wise to spend the day before the show cleaning your tack, clothes, and equipment. Before you begin to clean, load all the items into your trailer that are all ready to go without cleaning. Then, as you clean the remaining items, load them directly into the trailer as you finish them.
When the basic gear for you and your animal is loaded, make a checklist for feed, buckets, hoses, brushes, forks, brooms, and shovels, etc., that you will need for general care, load them, and check them off. When you have finished, lay out all the items that you will need for transport (i.e. sheets, blankets, shipping boots, etc.), so they are easily available. If you proceed in this manner, the risk of forgetting any important items is minimized. It is best to make sure that your trailer is fully loaded (except the animals) the night before you leave as this gives you overnight to think of anything you might have missed. Items such as your ice chest can be left until morning, or last minute, provided that you put them in a highly visible spot with a list of what is to be put in attached. Do not try to rely on your memory, as it will be clouded by the excitement and anticipation of the show.
If you are taking a number of mules and donkeys to the show, it is wise to bathe with soap at home the day before; then, cover the animal with a sheet or blanket and leg wraps. The day of the show, you would then only need to rinse, or vacuum, any excess dirt. This will minimize grooming time at the show.
Post the show schedule where you will be tacking up for each class and organize your clothing and equipment such that it is ready to go and easily accessible. Once the show actually begins, you will not have time to go hunting for misplaced items. Take note of your clothing changes and wear things that are easily changed. For instance, if your Western classes are before your English classes, you can wear your breeches underneath your Western slacks and chaps. Changing from English attire to Driving and Side Saddle attire is easily done by wearing your English clothing, then, simply change your headgear and add a lap rug for driving, or an apron for Side Saddle. Changes of your boots are pretty much optional, as English boots are easily hidden beneath properly fitting Western chaps and are appropriate footwear for English, Driving and Side Saddle.
If classes are spaced fairly close together and you are using more than one animal, it is wise to tack up the other animals ahead of time so they are ready to go. If you are using only one saddle for more than one animal, the other animals can still be bridled with the halter slipped over it, so they can be tied and waiting. Be sure to tie up the reins so they will not be chewed or stepped on. If you are using the same mule throughout the show, tacking and stripping should not be too time-consuming if your equipment is well organized.
Shows should be fun and exciting, but it can easily turn into a nightmare when things are out of place and chaotic. Make your motel and stabling reservations early and leave for the show well ahead of schedule to allow for breakdowns or other unforeseen emergencies. By all means, bring friends to help you, but give them a briefing and a list of jobs they can do. They won’t be much help if they have to keep asking what to do the day of the show! If you are going any distance at all, have your truck and trailer checked over thoroughly before you leave. There is nothing more frustrating than a major breakdown on the roadside with a trailer full of animals!
In summary, with routine grooming, farrier care, vet care, regular Coggins testing during the show season and permanent brand inspections, you can greatly reduce your show preparation time. Dress rehearsals, individual tack for each animal and organized loading will assure that all your tack and equipment will be readily available. Advanced motel and stabling reservations will afford you and your animals much needed rest when you arrive. Having your truck and trailer checked before you leave will make sure that you arrive in plenty of time. And, organization of tack and equipment when you do arrive will heighten the chances for an enjoyable and relaxing show!
Covered in TRAINING MULES & DONKEY: A LOGICAL APPROACH TO TRAINING, TRAINING WITHOUT RESISTANCE, EQUUS REVISITED and A GUIDE TO RAISING & SHOWING MULES at www.luckythreeranchstore.com
Does the Lucky Three Ranch participate in filming? Since my parents gave me a Brownie camera when I was five years old, I have been fascinated with taking pictures. They also gave me a diary after I learned to write. When I got older and began my interaction and training with mules in 1973, I always documented those interactions with my mules and donkeys in pursuit of learning the best way to manage and train them. I wanted to give them the best opportunity to exceed people’s expectations of them and dispel the old rumors. I kept diaries, wrote articles for international equestrian magazines from 1982 to present day, took photographs and video of every lesson, clinic and show to document their progress. I consolidated a group of articles in 1993 and published my first hardbound book, TRAINING MULES AND DONKEYS: A LOGICAL APPROACH TO LONGEARS.
I worked with three different production companies from 1997-2017 producing my 10-tape video series (first in VHS and later upgraded to DVDs). By 2009, I had published two more hardbound books, A GUIDE TO RAISING & SHOWING MULES and DONKEY TRAINING, and another manual, EQUUS REVISITED with a matching DVD.
From 2005-2007, I published five hardbound children’s books for a series for kids followed with corresponding DVDs and a coloring book. At the same time we did a lot of video short pieces such as TEACH YOUR MULES AMAZING THINGS and began the TRAINING TIPS series (67 TIPS).
By 2017, I decided that the production companies were not doing justice to my brand considering their exorbitant costs. So, Lucky Three Productions, L.L.C. was born when my crew decided that we could probably do everything they were doing and could probably do it better…and we DID! We do EVERYTHING with two guys and three girls at the ranch working remotely with our graphics artist, two videographers, our JASPER Mascot & Social Media/Website person. Since then, we have flourished and produced eight documentaries, a total of 126 TRAINING TIPS, 31 LONGEARS MUSIC videos, 195 MULE CROSSINGarticles and 4 LONGEARS DIARY series that are all posted under TRAINING on my website at luckythreeranch.com . There is much more educational and fun LONGEARS things and biographical information to peruse.
Instead of making every new project a singular production, and shooting for that only, we shoot photos and video of everything we do every day, keep diaries, log everything and then use the materials for multiple projects going forward, shortens the time need to do the various projects because there is very little shooting pieces that we need and significantly lowers the cost of production. This expands the use of everything we do from articles, to training tips, to advertising, to social media to new video projects and anything else we might dream up. If you can dream it, you can do it! You just need to learn how to be super-organized and efficient about the way that you work…and still continue the training with the equines as needed to add to our intellectual property library. As we all age and the ranch work changes, there are always new things to shoot and film.
How do you select the animal(s) for the scenes? By temperament and disposition. All my equines are able to do whatever I ask for the filming that we do and for the people that will ride them. Ours is a complete training and exercise program that builds up their core balance and strength at the skeletal level for ultimate performance, and instills confidence & ability.
When working with the Longears, we do not set up the filming to get the perfect shots. We actually do everything at the time the equines are learning so people will know what to expect. This kind of training takes time and precision in communication with the animals to produce the results one would need for getting them to do anything and everything perfectly. And, it is a never-ending process! All the filming and documentation we do is to undeniably validate the integrity and quality of our management and training program. With this kind of foundation, the Longears training is impeccable and they are ready, willing and able for photos and filming.
Training Mules & Donkeys is our brand and we now have our own production company, Lucky Three Productions, L.L.C., and self-published…
31 – Meredith Hodges Training Mules and Donkeys TV Shows – on RFD TV for 11 years
3 – Hardbound Training Books:
1)Training Mules & Donkeys: A Logical Approach to Training
2) A Guide to Raising & Showing Mules
3) Donkey Trainin
3 – Softbound Training Manuals (Produced in English, French, German & Spanish
1) Training Without Resistance (Corresponds with Videos #1 through #7)
2) Equine Management & Donkey Training (Corresponds with Videos #8 – #10)
3) Equus Revisited (Critique of Natural Horsemanship Principles)
– The Equine’s Skeletal Structure – Developing Your Hands
– The Equine’s Skull – Choosing the Right Bit
– How to Make the Elbow Pull – The Elbow Pull for Good Posture
– Multiple Uses of the Elbow Pull – Building Coordination through Obstacles
– Obstacles under Saddle
11 – Training Videos that correspond with the manuals listed above
Foal Training – Preparing for Performance: Driving
Preparing for Performance: Groundwork
– Basic Foundation for Saddle – Intermediate Saddle Training
Advanced Saddle Training – Jumping
– Management, Fitting and Grooming – Donkey Training: Introduction and Basic Training
– Donkey Training: Saddle Training and Jumping
– Equus Revisited
Give Your Equine the Athletic Edge (VOD)
Teach Your Mules Amazing Things (Video Shorts)
Housekeeping
Chess Game– Classroom
Magic Show – Paratroopers
Trampoline
Documentaries:
1) Lucky Three Ranch & the Road to Bishop 6) Making of the Jasper Carousel
2) The Bishop All-Stars 7) Lucky Three Hay Production
3) The Bishop Experience
4) Walk On: Exploring Therapeutic Riding
5) Rock and Roll: Diary of a Rescue
Jasper the Mule Children’s Series
1) Jasper: The Story of a Mule (Book, Video & VOD)
2) Jasper: A Christmas Caper (Book, Video & VOD)
3) Jasper: A Precious Valentine (Book, Video & VOD)
4) Jasper: A Fabulous Fourth (Book, Video & VOD)
5) Jasper: A Turkey Tale (Book, Video & VOD)
6) Jasper: An April Mule’s Day (Book)
7) Jasper Goes to Bishop (Coloring Book, Video & VOD)
My lifetime mission has always been to prove that mules could do everything that horses could do in all kinds of recreational equestrian disciplines to further their use in modern America. As I learned more about Longears’ personalities and abilities, I began to develop my own unique training program, utilizing my observations and my background in Behavior Modification. Over the next ten years, guided by the resistance-free training techniques of Richard Shrake and merging the knowledge of many other trainers from multiple equestrian disciplines (such as Major Anders Lindgren of the Swedish Olympic Team in Dressage, Rick Noffsinger in Driving, Bruce Davidson, Denny Emerson and Jim Graham of the US Olympic Team in Combined Training, Steve Schwartzenberger and Al Dunning in Reining and some of the very best Western trainers like Tom Dorrance, Ray Hunt, Buck Branaman, John Lyons, Pat Parelli and Clinton Anderson) I used only the very best theories and techniques they had to offer. I combined them into a comprehensive management and training program that I called Training Mules and Donkeys.
My evolving techniques proved successful in showing my animals in both Horse and Mule Shows. In 1984 Lucky Three Sundowner became the World Champion Bridle Reined Mule at Bishop Mule Days in Bishop, California. He then became the World Champion 3rd level Dressage Mule in 1992, and again in 1993, while working at home at 4th Level Dressage.
During the 1970s and early 1980s, most competitive equestrian events were closed to mules and donkeys. In 1986 I lobbied the United States Dressage Federation (U.S.D.F.) Convention, wrote campaign letters, and held forums and discussions with various breed organizations in an effort to change the U.S.D.F. rules to include mules and donkeys in competition. Mules were eventually limited to schooling shows only, and not allowed at the upper levels in the U.S.D.F. shows that were governed by the A.H.S.A. I diligently worked with other mule enthusiasts to get mules accepted by the A.H.S.A. On January 18, 2004, mules were finally accepted by the A.H.S.A., now called the United States Equestrian Federation (U.S.E.F.). The rule was approved with consideration. Mules were now accepted in the Dressage Division of the U.S.E.F.
In 1990 my Sire-Supreme jack donkey, Little Jack Horner, jumped four feet in exhibition at Bishop Mule Days, winning a Special Award and making him the only formal jumping donkey in the world.
HOLLYWOOD MULES & THEIR TRAINERS
The film titled Hollywood Horses focuses on the great Silver Screen Movie Horses from the old Hollywood movies, westerns, frontier epics, and the Trainers Cowboys, Wranglers and rental stables.
Information on Hollywood’s movie stable owner Fat Jones, and others including Glen Randall, Corky Randall, Tom Sweet, Ralph McCutcheon, Jack Lindell, Les Hilton, Kenny Lee, Denny Allen, Dave Richardson, and two women who ran a business together, Stevie Myers and Joan Edwards. Many have since passed away – and in several instances, their children, are running the remaining stables. Fat was in business until his death in 1963. Then it was sold to Dyke Johnson whom is NOT related to actor Ben Johnson. Ben also started out as a wrangler and was Fat’s son-in-law.
This is a tribute to the old horses and the popularity they enjoyed from the 1930’s to the 1960’s. The Californian local history of the San Fernando Valley where the rental stables were located and many films were shot. In the early days, before large trailers were used to haul the horses to their location, wranglers and cowboys would round them up herding them to the movie sets. The old western cattle driving technique met the modern world of motion picture making.
What attributes are desired in film animals? They must be manageable, but they will also need to have attributes that are complementary to their roles in the script.
How are the animals paid and who receives the payment? The animals are leased from various stables with their trainers that are in the business of making them available to Hollywood Producers. The stable receives payment for the loan of the animals.
Are there rules regarding how often the animal(s) get a break and for how long? The animals would be governed by each State’s animal advocacy groups like PETA, ASPCA, Humane Society, etc.
MULE AND DONKEY TRAINING FOR FILM
Donkeys and horses are frequently used over mules in films because they are easier to train for specific roles.
Mules are often found in the background of numerous films
Mules have specific likes and dislikes when it comes to people so actors with an “attitude” could have problems with them.
Horses frequently have more “starring” roles in films.
Rumors about Longears supersede the reality of their true character and skill.
Training horses for movie roles is a fascinating process that combines equine expertise, patience, and creativity, but much of the training used is “Old School.”
Here are some key steps involved that are used primarily with horses. They don’t always work well with mules the way they execute the training. You MUST train mules the way that horses SHOULD be trained. That is probably why the mules don’t seem to have very many leading roles.
Desensitization:
Horses need to become comfortable with unusual sights, sounds, and props they’ll encounter on set. Trainers gradually introduce them to things like cameras, lights, costumes, and loud noises.
Basic Obedience: Horses must respond to cues reliably. They learn commands like “walk,” “trot,” “canter,” and “stop.” Rein pressure, leg cues, and voice commands play a crucial role.
Stunt Training: For action scenes, horses learn to perform specific movements, such as rearing, bucking, or falling. Stunt doubles may handle these challenging sequences.
Trick Training: Horses can learn tricks like bowing, nodding, or lying down. These add flair to character interactions.
Mounted Actors: Horses must adapt to different actors’ riding styles. They practice working with specific performers to build trust and coordination.
Trail Exposure:
Movie sets often involve outdoor locations. Horses train on trails, bridges, and uneven terrain.
Crowd Scenes: Horses learn to remain calm amidst crowds, crew, and other animals.
Transportation Training: Loading onto trailers or standing still during transport scenes is essential.
Emotional Scenes: Horses can convey emotions. Trainers work on expressions like fear, curiosity, or relaxation.
Safety Measures: Trainers prioritize safety, using protective gear and ensuring horses are comfortable.
Remember, each horse has its own individual personality and learning pace. Patience, positive reinforcement, and understanding contribute to successful equine performances on the big screen!
People might be surprised at the number of films where you can find mules and donkeys. Mostly, they were used as “stand-ins,” but as time passed and the old rumors became diluted, they claimed their place in the film industry. Here are some of the more popular movies that were produced with Longears starring roles, but there are even more where they are shown in a positive light.
Any unusual moments on film that you would like to share?
When we were filming and doing the narration for Jasper: The Story of a Mule with Animator, Bill Melendez, our narrator, Lee Horsley and I went for a ride on my mules. He had a scar on his face, so I asked him about it. During a shoot, he was thrown to the ground when his horse tripped and fell. He was rushed to the hospital, treated for a broken nose and jaw, and then had to return to the set to finish his shoot right afterward. That was when I discovered how merciless Hollywood could be…it’s all about the money! I think Lee decided that day that he’d rather ride a mule!
LONGEARS MOVIES. Mules may not have played a lot of starring roles, but they have always been “Stand-ins” in the background of historic movies and hold a very special place in people’s hearts that know them. Rumors have it that mules and donkeys are stubborn and not a pleasant animal to ride. Their history actually proves otherwsie. They have an incredible sense of self-preservation and will not be forced to put themselves at risk. When treated with a polite attitude and the right approach, there is no better equine as a companion…they wil keep you SAFE if you are willing to listen to them!
OBJECTIVE BURMA! (Errol Flynn – Merrill’s Marauders – Parachute Mules into Burma 1945) Objective Burma is a gripping war drama film that was released in the year 1945. The movie stars the legendary actor Errol Flynn in the lead role, along with James Brown and William Prince. The film is directed by Raoul Walsh and is considered to be one of the best war movies of all time. The movie takes place during World War II in the year 1942. A group of American soldiers, led by Captain Nelson (Errol Flynn) are sent on a mission to destroy a Japanese radar station in Burma. The mission is considered to be one of the most dangerous military operations of the time and the soldiers have to face numerous obstacles along the way.
The film begins with the soldiers being dropped off by the Allied Forces near the Burmese border. They trek through the dense jungle, where they have to fight off various enemies and dangerous animals. Finally, they reach the location of the radar station and successfully destroy it.
However, things take a turn for the worse when a group of Japanese soldiers spot the Americans and decide to retaliate. In the ensuing battle, many of the American soldiers are killed or captured by the enemy forces. Captain Nelson, along with a handful of soldiers, manages to flee and seek refuge in the jungle.
The remaining soldiers are faced with the daunting task of trying to make their way back to their base, which is located hundreds of miles away. They have to navigate through the treacherous jungle, evade the enemy forces that are pursuing them, and survive without proper food and water.
As they journey deeper into the jungle, the soldiers come across a tribe of friendly Burmese people who agree to help them on their journey. Together, they face numerous challenges and obstacles, including hostile Japanese troops, natural disasters, and unpredictable terrain.
Throughout the movie, the soldiers are confronted with the brutal reality of war and are forced to rely on their training and instinct to survive. The performances of the lead actors, especially Errol Flynn, are remarkable and bring a sense of authenticity and credibility to the film.
In conclusion, Objective Burma is a timeless classic that captures the true essence of war. It showcases the bravery and courage of the soldiers who fought for their country, as well as the hardships and struggles they had to endure. The movie is a poignant reminder of the sacrifices made by those who fought in World War II, and it remains a must-watch for anyone interested in war movies.
MULE TRAIN (Gene Autry 1950) The film was released on February 22, 1950, by Columbia Pictures. Prospectors have discovered a natural cement mine that yields material of astonishing durability. But greedy contractor Sam Brady enjoys a monopoly on the transportation of crushed rock, which is being used to build a local dam. U.S. Marshal Gene Autry, however, discovers that Brady has used this method before, and his dams always burst shortly after construction, flooding entire towns. Despite Brady’s power, Autry campaigns to have the new dam made of cement.
FRANCIS THE TALKING MULE (Donald O’Connor 1950-56)
The book and film series focused on the exploits of Francis, an experienced Army mule, and Peter Stirling (played by Donald O’Connor), the young soldier whom he befriends. Francis then stays with Peter through civilian life and back in the military. In the original 1950 film, the mule identifies himself to the commanding general as “Francis…123rd Mule Detachment…[serial number] M52519.” With a plot device like the later series Mister Ed, Francis would usually talk only to Peter, thus causing problems for his nominal “master.”
As the titles indicated, each film had a different setting or gimmick, exposing the world-wise mule and the naive GI to race track excitement, the world of journalism, and many branches of the military, from West Point to the WACs to the Navy. The basic plots were fairly similar, however. Stirling, with the sage but sardonic advice of Francis (gleaned from overhearing generals plan strategy or from discussions with other equines), would triumph over his own incompetence. However, inevitably he would be forced to reveal that his adviser was a mule, and be subject to mental analysis (sometimes more than once per film) until the grand reveal, when Francis displayed his talent (usually either to individuals, or to a large group). Some of the Francis films had animated trailers.
Francis (1950) a.k.a. Francis the Talking Mule
Francis Goes to the Races (1951)
Francis Goes to West Point (1952)
Francis Covers the Big Town (1953)
Francis Joins the WACS (1954)
Francis in the Navy (1955)
Francis in the Haunted House (1956)
The mule who appeared on-screen was a female named Molly, selected because she was easy to handle. She was purchased from Ed Frazier in Drexel, Missouri. According to author Pauline Bartel, Universal Studio paid $350 for the animal but made millions from the film series. Mollywas trained by Les Hilton, an apprentice of Will Rogers; Hilton went on to train Bamboo Harvester, the horse that played Mister Ed. To create the impression that the mule was actually talking, Hilton used a thread fed into the animal’s mouth which would cause Molly to try to remove it by moving her lips, the same technique used for Mister Ed.
DEATH VALLEY DAYS (Stanley Andrews as “The Old Ranger”, first host of Death Valley Days 1952-1970) Death Valley Days is one of the first anthology series to appear on television, featuring different characters and stories each episode.[5] The stories were based in fact, all within the legends and lore of California’s Death Valley. Style varied by episode, with some being drama and others comedy. Most were human-interest stories of miners and homesteaders in Death Valley, where borax was mined.As the series continued on the air, episodes began to focus on nearly any portion of the American West, not just the Death Valley country. Most episodes portrayed events in the late 19th century, the heyday of the “Old West”. Some, however, were set in much earlier times, especially the Spanish colonial era, and a few recounted stories from the early 20th century. Each of the 452 television episodes was introduced by a host. The longest running was “The Old Ranger,” a character played by veteran actor Stanley Andrews from 1952 to 1964. While the series followed the anthology format, with all new stories and characters in each episode, the series utilized many character actors over its 18-year run.
GUNSMOKE (James Arness & Ken Curtis & Mule Ruth 1955-1975) Curtis remains best known for his role as Festus Haggen, the scruffy, cantankerous, and illiterate deputy in Gunsmoke. He joined the regular Gunsmoke cast in 1964, superseding the previous deputy, Chester Goode, played by Dennis Weaver. While Marshal Matt Dillon had a total of five deputies over two decades, Festus held the role the longest (11 years), in 304 episodes. Festus was patterned after “Cedar Jack” (Frederick Munden), a man from Curtis’ Las Animas childhood. Cedar Jack, who lived 15 miles south of town, made a living cutting cedar fence posts. Curtis observed many times that Jack came to Las Animas, where he would often end up drunk and in Curtis’ father’s jail. Festus’ character was known, in part, for the nasally, twangy, rural accent which Curtis developed for the role, but which did not reflect Curtis’ actual voice.
LEGEND OF THE LOST (John Wayne 1957) Legend of the Lost is a 1957 Italian-American adventure film produced and directed by Henry Hathaway, shot in Technirama and Technicolor by Jack Cardiff, and starring John Wayne, Sophia Loren, and Rossano Brazzi. The location shooting for the film took place near Tripoli, Libya.In Timbuktu, experienced guide Joe January (John Wayne) reluctantly joins a Saharan treasure hunting expedition led by Paul Bonnard (Rossano Brazzi), a man obsessed with confirming his dead father’s claim to have found a lost city. Dita (Sophia Loren), a woman of dubious reputation, becomes infatuated with Paul and his willingness to overlook her past. She invites herself along, despite Joe’s protests. During the tough, dry ordeal, Joe and Dita become attracted to each other, raising tensions.Just as they run out of water, they stumble upon the ancient city and a well. There, they find three human skeletons, a woman and two men. It becomes evident that Paul’s father had found his woman in the arms of his guide, killed them and then himself. There is also no obvious treasure to be found. Paul’s faith in his father is shattered and he becomes drunk.However; they find the treasure after Joe deciphers the clues left by Paul’s father in his bible. They load it and prepare to leave in the morning. Paul makes an attempt to seduce Dita; she rejects him and he gets into a fight with Joe, who protects her. Joe and Dita wake up to find that Paul had sneaked away during the night, taking all the animals, supplies and treasure with him and leaving his companions to die.Joe and Dita pursue him on foot and eventually catch up. Paul is unconscious from dehydration. While Joe and Dita dig for desperately needed water, Paul regains consciousness. He buries the treasure and attacks Joe from behind with a knife. Dita shoots and kills Paul. When they spot a caravan approaching in the distance, Joe and Dita are saved.
MR ED (1961-1966 The horse Bamboo Harvester portrayed Ed throughout the run. Ed’s stable mate, a quarter horse named Pumpkin, also served as Bamboo Harvester’s stunt double for the show. Pumpkin later appeared again in the television series Green Acres.Bamboo Harvester’s trainer was Les Hilton. To create the impression that Ed was having a conversation, Hilton initially used a thread technique he had employed for Lubin’s earlier Mule films; in time, though, this became unnecessary. As actor Alan Young recounted: “It was initially done by putting a piece of nylon thread in his mouth. But Ed actually learned to move his lips on cue when the trainer touched his hoof. In fact, he soon learned to do it when I stopped talking during a scene! Ed was very smart.”
BRIGHTY OF THE GRAND CANYON (Joseph Cotten – January 1966) Based on the novel Brighty of the Grand Canyon by Marguerite Henry (New York, 1953).
DINGUS MCGEE (Frank Sinatra, George Kennedy – Mules Pulling Stagecoach 1970) Hoke Birdsill rides into Yerkey’s Hole demanding the law take action because Dingus Magee has robbed him. Since no law exists, the mayor, Belle, who also runs the town’s bordello, sees to it that Hoke himself becomes the new sheriff. Dingus keeps getting away with his crimes, helped by Anna Hot Water, his young Indian companion, but when he tries to steal from Belle, he finds Hoke has beaten him to it. Hoke and his mule enjoy being on the other side of the law, so Dingus turns the tables, becoming sheriff to go after him. After being rivals for so long, Dingus and Hoke eventually team up, burning Belle’s brothel to the ground.
TWO MULES FOR SISTER SARA (Clint Eastwood & Shirley Maclaine 1970) Just after the American Civil War, a former soldier named Hogan rides up on a naked woman about to be raped by bandits. He kills the bandits and discovers the woman is a nun, Sister Sara, who is raising money to assist Mexican revolutionaries fighting French occupying forces. When Sara requests that Hogan take her to the Mexican camp, he agrees, as he had previously arranged to help the revolutionaries attack the French garrison in exchange for half the garrison’s treasury.As the duo heads towards the camp, evading French troops all the while, Hogan is surprised that the nun swears and drinks whiskey. While on their way to destroy a French ammunition train, Hogan is shot at by Yaquis and seriously wounded with an arrow. Sara is able to tend to his wounds, and she is able to set the charges that Hogan detonates to destroy the train. Eventually the two reach Juarista commander Col. Beltran’s camp. Sara begs the local villagers for money needed to purchase dynamite for the assault on the garrison. In the lead-up to the attack, Sara reveals to Hogan that she is not a nun, but a prostitute posing as a nun because she is wanted by the French for her support of the revolutionaries. Although Hogan is shocked, the two team up to infiltrate the fort and let a squad of revolutionaries in through a trapdoor, while two other squads attack the gates and a fourth act as sharpshooters.Expecting the French army to be drunk for Bastille Day, they instead find that the train’s destruction has put the garrison on high alert. Hogan and Sara infiltrate the fortress by Hogan posing as a bounty hunter who has captured Sara and is turning her in for the reward. The ruse works, and Hogan and Sara engage the French commanding officers while the garrison’s gates are breached for the Mexican revolutionaries to swarm through. A battle ensues; the French are defeated, and the Mexicans capture the fort. As promised, Hogan receives half the riches. Now wealthy and with his job completed, Hogan sets off with Sara, with whom he has fallen in love, to open a gambling house in San Francisco.
GUS (Don Knotts & Tim Conway 1976) Low-ranking football team The California Atoms are at a constant loss until they recruit a new player – a mule named Gus. It turns out that Gus is an amazing placekicker with a 100-yard field goal ability! Just as the Atoms begin to leave their losing streak in the dust, crooks attempt to kidnap their new star. Whether it’s a surefooted race to the goal posts or a riotous chase down the supermarket aisles, the action in this Disney favorite is sure to make your family cheer!
MULE FEATHERS (Rory Calhoun & Don Knotts 1978) A preacher travels with a telepathic mule In this Western comedy, a sagebrush flim-flam man makes a career out of swindling naive settlers and pulling off the occasional train robbery.
THE APPLE DUMPLING GANG (& RIDES AGAIN– Don Knotts, Tim Conway & a mule named Clarise1975) Set in the Wild West in the year 1879, a slick gambler named Russell Donovan (Bill Bixby) comes to the town of Quake City en-route to open a casino in New Orleans. In Quake City, Donovan meets his old associate, John Wintle. Wintle is leaving for San Francisco that night and asks Donovan to sign for valuables coming in on tomorrow’s stagecoach. Donovan accepts a down payment and promises to pick up the valuables. The next day, Donovan realizes he has been duped into taking care of three little orphans, Bobby, Clovis, and Celia Bradley. The stagecoach driver Magnolia “Dusty” Clydesdale (Susan Clark) explains that Wintle is in fact the children’s relative and their legal guardian. With him gone and Donovan promising to care for the “valuables”, they are now wards of Donovan. The town’s sheriff, barber, Justice of the Peace, and judge Homer McCoy (Harry Morgan) tells Donovan that he is legally obligated unless he can have someone else take custody of the children.
THE POSTMAN (Kevin Costner 1997) In a post-apocalyptic world in 2013, an unnamed nomad wanders the scattered communities of the Utah flatlands, trading performances of long-forgotten Shakespearean plays for food and water. At one town, the nomad is forced at gunpoint into the ranks of the Holnists that killed his mule. This neo-feudalist militia, brand him on his shoulder with their symbol, a figure 8. The Holnists, under their leader, General Bethlehem, are the de facto authority in the area, collecting tribute and recruits from local towns. When the nomad escapes, he takes refuge in a long-deceased postman’s mail vehicle.With the postman’s uniform and mail bag, he arrives in the settlement of Pineview claiming to be from the newly-restored U.S. government. He convinces Pineview’s leader, Sheriff Briscoe, to let him in by showing a letter addressed to elderly villager Irene March. The postman inspires a teenager named Ford Lincoln Mercury, who asks to be sworn in as a member of the postal service and even helps him to reactivate the long abandoned post office in the town. When the postman leaves for the town of Benning, he carries a pile of mail left at the post office door by the townspeople.In a recitation of King Henry V’s speech prior to the siege of Harfleur, the postman rallies himself and his followers to war. The mounted carriers and Holnists meet across a field. Not wanting any more carnage, the postman instead challenges Bethlehem to a personal hand-to-hand duel, with their troops as witnesses, which is his privilege due to once having been a member of Bethlehem’s troops. The postman wins the fight but spares Bethlehem’s life to maintain morale.Thirty years later, the postman’s grown daughter Hope, accompanied by other public figures and servicemen (including postal workers), speaks at a ceremony unveiling a bronze statue by territorial waters in St. Rose, Oregon, in tribute to her father, who has recently died (1973–2043).
MULE PEOPLE (Ted Faye – Gold Creek Productions 1997) People who appreciate mules are a unique breed of folks. In this video you’ll get to know some of them at Bishop Mule Days in Bishop, California. You’ll meet eleven-year-old Cameron Brooks along with trainers Cindy Powell and Jerry Villines whose mules, they all claim, can do anything a horse can do…only better. Hang onto your hats for a wild ride with Ron “Tash” Hudson. Then share in the poignant climatic moments as Mr. Jensen has to sell his pride and joy. His 20 well-trained mules, and all of his wagons. If you didn’t know any before, after watching this video, you’ll be glad you met these…Mule People.
MULE FOR SALE (Ted Faye – Gold Creek Productions 2003) Join the fun and excitement of the world’s largest mule auction. Filmmaker Ted Faye takes you on a journey to Dickon, Tennessee where Dickie and Rufus Reese carry on a family tradition: The Reese Brothers Mule Auction. Find out why people buy mules, what they are used for and where the mules end up. We follow a mule from the time it is brought to the auction to the time it is sold. Discover the story of the mule and meet the people who buy and sell them. An intriguing look at the event that few have experienced first-hand.
LONGEARS EVERYWHERE (Video Mike Kerson 2004) Bishop Mule Days with Jerry Tindell & Video Mike: Twitchell, Von (Actor), Shields, Bonnie (Actor), Kerson, Mike (Director) Format: DVD
HOOVES AND ROSES (Video Mike Kerson 2006) Pasadena Tournament of Roses Parade
LOVE THOSE LONGEARS (Video Mike Kerson 2006) Video Mike is passionate about equines – and all his love and respect for both the critters and their people shines through in this video. Every year Video Mike produces an action-packed Bishop Mule Days Highlights video, and each year he chooses some aspect of the week-long event for a more in-depth look.
MULES ON SNOWSHOES (Video Mike Kerson 2006 ) Bill Balfrey’s family came to the remote Northern California town of Etna by covered wagon in the 1850’s. As Bill was growing up, he made friends with the Smith brothers, Bill and Ralph, who, in the early 1900’s, delivered the mail by mule train from Etna to Sawyers Bar and points down river. Come along with the two Bills, Ralph and others as they take us back to a time when tunnels had to be hand-dug through the 10-foot snowdrifts, the mules wore snowshoes, and the mail was delivered!
CHASING THE RAINBOW: ADVENTURES OF THE DESERT PROSPECTORS (Ted Faye – Gold Creek Productions 2007) The last great Gold Rush in America played out in the deserts of Nevada and California. It began with those who roamed the barren hills seeking their fortune. Most traveled with their tools, some food, a blanket and a jackass. They were called single-blanket-jackass-prospectors. Most never made the fortune they sought, but many discovered something else: freedom and a kind of peace in the wilderness and every now and then, some wild times in the local towns. This the story o those who spent their lives “Chasing the Rainbow.”
TOMMY AND THE COOL MULE (Grant Barker & Ice T 2009) Tommy Braxton’s father goes to war and never returns, forcing Tommy to become the man of the house and help support his mom and sister. Tommy makes a friend and finds a way to save his family’s farm when he meets Jackie-A – a talking mule. Against all odds, Tommy and Jackie-A triumph in a race over the other bullies and their horses in the country stock show, in a spectacular display of resolve and determination that caps off a winning family adventure!
SEASONS: A YEAR IN THE LIFE OF A PACK STATION (Video Mike Kerson 2010) Follow the Virginia Lakes Pack Outfit through springtime preparations, competing at Bishop Mule Days, and on to the summer pack season. You’ll ride with guests, scientists, and government work parties into the spectacular Eastern Sierra Wilderness, and experience back country life at its finest. You’ll meet the people who work at the pack station, as well as the guests. Take a look behind the scenes as problems are solved, crises are met, and the crew lives the disappearing life of the back country. With the coming of autumn, the pack station gets ready for winter, and the cycle begins again.
HITCH UP YOUR MULE & THE HIDDEN TRAIL (Ted Faye – Gold Creek Productions 2010) Hitch up your mules, mule-skinner Bobby Tanner of Bishop, California shows how to hitch up a 20-Mule Team. Bobby has revived the art of driving a long line of animals with a single rope called a jerk line, which is tied to a lead mule. The Hidden Trail is an expedition to the China Lakes Naval Air Weapons Station in the Mojave Desert to retrace the historic route of the Twenty Mule Team from Death Valley. Ruts from the original Twenty Mule Team can still be seen.
BISHOP MULE DAYS (Video Mike Kerson 2011-2019) At 4000’ elevation, Bishop is nestled between two beautiful mountain ranges midway between Los Angeles, California and Reno, Nevada on U.S. Highway 395. Bishop is the center for recreational activity in the Eastern Sierra. In addition to the packing activities specific to the region, there are activities such as fishing, hiking, hunting, and fantastic sight-seeing of fall colors, mountains, creeks, and high desert. World class skiing is also available on nearby Mammoth Mountain in Mammoth Lakes, California.Mule Days is a six-day event that takes place each year Tuesday to Sunday the week before Memorial Day. Mule Days is held on the Tri-County Fairgrounds in Bishop, California. Our 14-show event begins with preliminaries on Tuesday through Thursday and features event finals, comic events and packing events Friday through Sunday. Video Mike Kerson has been filing this from 2011-2019.At 4000’ elevation, Bishop is nestled between two beautiful mountain ranges midway between Los Angeles, California and Reno, Nevada on U.S. Highway 395. Bishop is the center for recreational activity in the Eastern Sierra. In addition to the packing activities specific to the region, there are activities such as fishing, hiking, hunting, and fantastic sight-seeing of fall colors, mountains, creeks, and high desert. World class skiing is also available on nearby Mammoth Mountain in Mammoth Lakes, California.Mule Days is a six-day event that takes place each year Tuesday to Sunday the week before Memorial Day. Mule Days is held on the Tri-County Fairgrounds in Bishop, California. Our 14-show event begins with preliminaries on Tuesday through Thursday and features event finals, comic events and packing events Friday through Sunday.
PALOUSE THRESHING BEE (Video Mike Kerson 2012) The Palouse Empire Threshing Association holds an old-fashioned wheat threshing bee in Colfax, Washington – the heart of the Palouse. Using only authentic, original equipment and raft animals, the public is treated to a day of living history, featuring the majesty of draft horses and mules.
THE TWENTY MULE TEAM OF DEATH VALLEY (Ted Faye – Gold Creek Productions 2012) This program will show you how the Twenty Mule Team rose from a mundane means of transportation to become a national icon. Using spectacular, original color film, archival footage, photographs and reenactments, this documentary brings to life the Twenty Mule Team of Death Valley.
HISTORY OF THE ARMY MULES (2013) Just outside of Fort Brag on a ranch in Lumber Bridge North Carolina there are two brothers mules unaware of how their lives are about to change forever. These animals the embodiment of strength hardiness and perseverance are about to embark on a journey that will lead them through the gates of the world’s Premier leader development institution. They are about to take their place in history as the new generation of mascots for the corps of cadets at the United States Military Academy at West Point. The tradition of mules as mascots for the Army dates back to 1899. Mules were an obvious choice. The mule reflects the long-standing usefulness of the animal in the United States Army, enabling soldiers to perform military operations, transporting guns, supplies and ammunition. Strong, hardy and durable, the mule is the perfect symbol for the corps of cadets. Not much was known about the official mules until 1936 when Mr. Jackson, named for Thomas J. Stonewall Jackson, arrived from Fort Royal, Virginia. Starting with him there have been 15 official mules: Poncho, Hannibal 1, K.C. MO, Trotter, Hannibal 2, Buckshot, Spartacus, Ranger I, Blackjack, Traveler and Trooper. At time this video was made, the members of the current and now retiring mule Corps are Raider, Ranger I and General Scott.We bid farewell and honor them for their service and now, as the Legacy continues, the two new mascots embark on their Journey several hundred miles north to West Point’s hallowed grounds just outside the greatest city in the world. They will be entering into a story of tradition where their presence represents inspiration, strength and steadfast perseverance They will help to reinforce the motto of duty, honor and country that continues to sustain the corps of cadets and the long gray line. Currently, those who have been added are: Ranger II, Stryker, Raider, Ranger III and Paladin.
STORM RIDER is a 2013 American drama film written and directed by Craig Clyde and starring Kevin Sorbo, Kristy Swanson and C. Thomas Howell. It was filmed in Wallsburg, Utah.Cast:
Kevin Sorbo as Sam Fielding
Kristy Swanson as Jody Peterson
Danielle Chuchran as Dani Fielding
Jacob Buster as Jordan Fielding
Darien Willardson as Kevin Winslow
Sam Sorbo as Vanessa Fielding
Terence Goodman as Cameron Winslow
C. Thomas Howell as Mitch
Sarah Bernstein as Brooke
Jacque Grey as Marie Houghton
Amanda Swanson as Addy Jane
Joey Miyashima as Sheriff KikuchiEdwin L. Carpenter of The Dove Foundation gave it a positive review, writing that it “is well worth your time.” Tracy Moore of Common Sense Media gave the film two stars out of five.
THE MULE (Clint Eastwood 2018) The Mule is a 2018 American crime drama film starring and directed by Clint Eastwood, who also produced with Dan Friedkin, Jessica Meier, Tim Moore, Kristina Rivera, and Bradley Thomas. The screenplay, written by Nick Schenk, is based on the 2014 The New York Times article “The Sinaloa Cartel’s 90-Year-Old Drug Mule” by Sam Dolnick, which recounts the story of Leo Sharp, a World War II veteran in his 80s who became a drug courier for the Sinaloa Cartel. Toby Keith contributed the theme song “Don’t Let the Old Man In”, which reached number 41 on Billboard’s Country Airplay chart and became Keith’s highest-charting single since “Drunk Americans” reached number 27 in early 2015.
LOST SEA EXPEDITION (Bernie Harberts 2019) The true story of a lone 14-month wagon voyage across America. Filmed by Bernie Harberts, it is a tale of water and desert, loneliness and companionship. Lakota, Christian and secular beliefs about the origin of a land. Harberts, his mule and his lens capture the essence of the American West. The Lost Sea Expedition is the story of a solo mule wagon voyage across America. Because mule Polly and I (Bernie Harberts) traveled alone, without a film crew or chase vehicle, It took a lot of people and communities to turn the experience in to a series for Public Television. This is where we thank them. The credit list is ongoing. If you were part of the Lost Sea Expedition series and didn’t find yourself on the list (hey, some days I forgot to hook Polly’s traces chains too…) then drop us a line.
TWO SINNERS AND A MULE (Cam Gigandet 2023) Two ladies of pleasure were kicked out of town and run across a Bounty Hunter shot to hell. After nursed back to health, the ladies decide he needs their help to track down, Gila Grimes, a ruthless, murdering bandit, for half of the bounty.
Mules and donkeys are working their way into the hearts of many people in this new Industrial Age. Horses have been used for so many films for decades, but the unique character of mules and donkeys are drawing attention from everyone…everywhere!
Across the United States and around the world, as mules are given more and more opportunities to perform in many diverse situations, they are exhibiting their exceptional beauty, athletic ability, endurance and intelligence. There are definite physical and psychological reasons for these outstanding abilities. It has been proven that the mule not only inherits the mare’s beauty, but is also more athletic than the mare out of which he came. The mule is an exceptional hybrid not only because he inherits these qualities from his dam, the mare, but he also inherits the best qualities from his sire, the jack who is responsible for his muscle structure, thickness of bone, strength and intelligence.
The muscle structure of a mule is noticeably different than that of a horse. His body is covered with masses of long, smooth muscle whereas the horse has more differentiated bulk muscle masses.
The most apparent example of this difference is seen in the chest of the mule. The horse’s chest has two distinct muscle groups, which creates a very distinctive line of separation in the middle of his chest. However, the mule’s chest is composed of one wide muscle mass that resembles a turkey’s breast, which greatly enhances the mobility of the front quarters. Another example is found in the mule’s hindquarters, where the long, wide and smooth muscles enable the mule to kick forward, backwards and sideways—he can even scratch the top of his head with a hind foot if he wants to! Mules are also quite capable of climbing under, over and through most kinds of fencing. Restraints that are used with horses often do not work with mules because of their astounding ability to free themselves from annoying circumstances with their strong, quick and agile movements. Because the hindquarters of the horse possess bulkier muscle masses, the horse does not have this incredible range of motion. The difference in muscular structure is similar to that of a ballet dancer versus that of a weight lifter—the ballet dancer’s longer, smoother muscles are more conducive to elasticity and agility.
In addition to this physical structure, which allows him more diverse range of movement, the mule also inherits from his sire (the donkey jack) the strength to tolerate prolonged and strenuous use of his muscles. One need only try to budge an unwilling donkey to realize his incredible strength! Donkeys traditionally possess an unbelievable vigor, and this vigor is passed on to the mule, adding to his superiority over the horse in strength and endurance. The donkey jack also contributes to the superior, tough hooves of the mule and a unique resistance to parasites and disease. Throughout their long history, the donkey’s natural ability to survive and thrive in habitats both desolate and unyielding guarantees that donkeys and their mule offspring are more sure-footed than other equines and masters of self-preservation.
Donkeys have long been referred to as “stubborn,” but this is a false and unjust perception. It is not stubbornness that causes an overloaded donkey to stop dead in his tracks to rest his body, but rather common sense and a strong desire for self-preservation. After all, would a sensible human being deliberately pack more than he could comfortably carry, and then continue a hike until he drops from heat and exhaustion? No. Would his refusal to do so be considered as being “stubborn?” Certainly not—it’s just common sense. The same common sense should be applied when understanding a mule or donkey’s behavior—and this holds true in any potentially dangerous situation a donkey may face. For example, when crossing a body of water, the donkey does not possess a human’s acute visual depth perception. Therefore, when he refuses to step into water that seems perfectly safe to us, it is because his depth perception is telling him to use caution and to take his time in evaluating the situation before he proceeds. His behavior is determined by the way he is asked to perform a task and by his concern for his welfare and safety.
As a rule, donkeys are equipped with the innate intelligence to sense that humans are not always concerned with what is really best for them, yet they are still willing to gives us the opportunity to convince them otherwise. Donkeys also have a natural social attraction to humans and, when treated with patience, kindness and understanding, they learn to trust and obey. On the other hand, if they are treated with pain and abuse, they are not likely to comply and can become very dangerous to handle. Mules and donkeys have an honest way of responding to our demands, so if your mule or donkey is not complying with your request, you need to review the clarity of how you are communicating your desire and adjust your approach accordingly. The intelligence of the donkey is no accident.
When a male donkey, with his traits of superior intelligence, strength and muscle structure is bred to a female horse with a calm disposition, good conformation and athletic ability, the result is an exceptional and incredibly beautiful animal—the MULE!
All of us here at Lucky Three Ranch would like to wish longears everywhere and those who love them a very happy Mule Appreciation Day in the fall! October 26th has been popularly designated as National Mule Appreciation Day, but anyone who’s ever been lucky enough to nuzzle a muzzle knows that these magnificent, gentle, bright, honest, upbeat, funny, patient and loyal friends need our appreciation and guardianship not just once a year but every day. Let’s spread the word whenever we can—mules and donkeys are truly amazing!
The old saying, “No foot, no mule” is literally true, as it is in any nomadic animal. If the hooves are not trimmed and balanced properly, it will offset the balance of the equine’s entire body and can compromise longevity in the animal because his entire internal structure will be compromised. Most equines will need to be trimmed or shod every 6-8 weeks whether horse, mule or donkey.
Horse’s hooves in general are proportionately larger, rounder and more angled than that of the donkey or mule. The sole of the foot is flat on the ground promoting good circulation in the foot through the frog.
Regardless of the size of the animal, the hooves of the mule will be smaller and more upright than that of a horse of equal size, and should be well sprung and supported, not contracted. They should have a smooth appearance and look sleek and oily. No ribbing should be apparent and the frog should be well extended, healthy and make adequate contact with the ground for good circulation to the hooves. The shape of the mule or donkey foot is more oval and the bottom of the foot is slightly “cupped” which accounts for the surefootedness in the mule and donkey. When being trimmed, the mule should be left with more heel than the horse to maintain the often more upright position that complements the shoulders and hips. If the mule or donkey has a better slope to the shoulders, he might have an angle that is similar to the horse, but he will still grow more heel than the horse. The shape and condition of the hooves of the jack and the mare are both equally important when considering foot development in the mule.
Because donkey and mule hooves are different from a horse’s hoof in that they are more oblong, cupped in the sole, they need more heel left during a trim than the round, flat sole and low heels on a horse. There are, however, a few exceptions to the rule as there are in most generalizations. Most donkeys are relatively inactive and live on moderate ground, so they do grow out in that time period. Some donkeys, like my own Little Jack Horner, are much more active and will wear their feet down naturally.
Miniature Horse
Miniature Mule
Miniature Donkey
Saddle Horse
Saddle Mule
Saddle Donkey
Draft Horse
Draft Mule
Mammoth Donkey
Of course, those that do not have the benefit of good training and conditioning would still wear unevenly and would still need to be trimmed, however, with the correct training and conditioning, they may wear evenly and may not need to be trimmed more than once a year! The same goes for those who would live in rough terrain. They may wear their feet down, but they would still need to be trimmed for balance. Those who are moving correctly may wear down evenly and would not require trims as often.
Failure to have your mule’s hooves regularly trimmed in order to maintain their balance and shape can result in an imbalance in your mule’s feet, which will then cause an imbalance throughout his entire body, inhibiting his performance. However, if trimming is done consistently, the risk of imbalance, accident or injury will be greatly reduced.
There are a lot of things to consider when trimming and shoeing all equines. If the animal is to have shoes, for instance, then they would need to maintain the flat surface of the sole for the shoes to fit properly. It is important that the equine have relief from shoes when they are not being ridden as much. We usually take any shoes off during the winter which keeps the heels from becoming contracted from wearing shoes and promotes good circulation to the foot as the frog can then make contact with the ground more consistently than it can with shoes. A good understanding of the anatomical differences among horses, mules and donkeys is essential for healthy hoof care.
When your farrier is trimming your equine, he should take into account the angles of the shoulder, the forearm, the knees, the cannon bone, fetlock, pastern and the general angle to the entire body when at rest, not just trimming off the excess. This is an anatomical call and only people who are schooled and skilled in this profession should even attempt it or you could run the risk of injuring your animal.
It is commonly known that, when it comes to horses and mules, light-colored hooves are softer and more likely to break down under stress than are the darker, black hooves. Even though the black hoof is naturally harder than the light-colored hoof, if it does not contain sufficient moisture, it can become brittle and can chip away as destructively as can the lighter hoof. Whichever breed of equine you own and whatever the color of their feet, remember that good hoof care is essential for all domesticated equines.
For better or worse, an equine inherits his hooves through his genes. If your equine has inherited good feet—black, oily-looking, and with good shape—then you are fortunate and hoof care and maintenance should be relatively simple. If he has inherited a softer or misshapen foot, you will need to discuss more specialized care with your farrier. Beware of generalizations as they can often be misleading! Each animal should ultimately be assessed individually.
We have all heard the numerous negative myths about mules that abound, but have you ever thought of a mule as a hero, as an extraordinary member of our society? The mule’s history can be traced back to Biblical times, and in those days, he was known as the preferred mount of royalty. Given his ancestry, this should not be surprising. After all, is he not the offspring of the chosen mount that Jesus Christ rode into Jerusalem? As Jesus was the Son of God, so is the mule the son of the chosen donkey. And he has much to teach us about ourselves and our world—if we could only learn to observe and listen carefully to what he is telling us. The mule can be a catalyst for health, happiness and prosperity, but we must learn to do our part in appreciation of him.
Although he is often confused with his sire, the donkey, the mule is the symbol of neither the Republicans nor the Democrats. During past political campaigns, certain Republicans actually declined to have their picture taken with a mule, because they were either ignorant of the difference between a mule and a donkey, or they were afraid that the mule would be mistaken for the Democratic Party’s symbol—the donkey.
As author Melvin Bradley notes, “Democrats in mule states have always been friendly to mule-loving voters. With a farm population of 25 percent of the total, votes from mule people could make a difference.”1As presidential candidate Harry S. Truman discovered, this was politically beneficial information and he used it wisely. Finally, on May 31, 1995, Governor Mel Carnahan signed a bill designating the Missouri mule as the official state animal.
When people are open and fortunate enough to be able to engage in intimate communication with the mule, they soon discover the redeeming and heroic characteristics of the donkey (that are naturally present in the mule). The donkey is the embodiment of various moral truths, which is why he is used as an appropriate hero in numerous fables. He possesses the ability to serve without judgment of his master. He is affectionate, thoughtful and humorous and carries his burdens without complaint. We are often dismayed by the true reflection of ourselves that we are destined to see while in his presence. The donkey is a creature of wonder and augury, and glimpses of these same characteristics can be seen in the mule. Although the donkey is the symbol of the Democratic Party, his effect on people is subjective and universal, and is not restricted to just one group.
I’d like to share one of my favorite stories, illustrating the mule’s legendary endurance and great heart. According to author Walter Rickell, “When General George Custer made his campaign into the Black Hills in early 1870, Buffalo Bill led him the first day as his guide. Custer and his staff were on their finest horses brought from the east, and they were prancing and ready to go. Suddenly, Buffalo Bill appeared on his little grulla Comanche mule, Mouse. Cody paid no attention to the way the officers ridiculed him and the mule—Cody had ridden Mouse before and found he could run a good lick, but his strongest point was his endless endurance. Custer, noting it was Cody’s intention to ride the mule, called a halt and informed him it was no time for pranks, that they had to travel fast, and Mouse could never stay out of their way. Cody said nothing, touched Mouse with his spurs, and led off, the column following. By the early afternoon, in terrific heat, the horses were lathered, and Cody had to stop several times for the column to catch up. The general was surprised that, at camping time that night, Mouse was still in the lead. Custer tried to trade his fine horse for the mule. Cody rode Mouse back that night over the same trail.”2
Mule stories from the past are numerous in this great country of ours. The number of mules (and horses) in the U.S. peaked in 1919, at 26.5 million. The United States of America was quite literally built on the backs of its mules—they pulled supply wagons in the cities, forged west with the early settlers across the vast prairies, packed hunters’ gear in the mountains, plodded underground with the coal miners and plowed the Southern cotton fields. They have participated in war alongside our brave soldiers, and have found their place in the field of entertainment. They even helped with the excavation of the Pasadena Rose Bowl.
After the onset of the Industrial Revolution, the number of mules in the U.S. declined, and in 1967, there were less than ten thousand. But happily, in recent years, renewed interest and public awareness have sparked a steady increase in the mule population.
Those who work with mules know that interacting with them can keep a person healthy and happy. The typical mule person gets up early in the morning to feed and water his mules, and then goes back to his house for his own breakfast. Then it’s back to the barn to harness or saddle up and make way for the day’s activities with the mules. There is much to learn from a mule in every interaction, and if he isn’t doing what we want, then we probably haven’t asked the right way. When we do, he complies and, in the process, teaches us about real patience, love, respect and good manners. There is no more loyal friend and companion than a mule. As the old mule skinners will tell you, you either love ‘em or you hate ‘em. You either get along with them or you don’t—there’s no in between with a mule.
Obviously, I have one of the worst cases of “Mule Fever” ever suffered! But then, here I am—older, wiser and without any broken bones due to my association with mules. In fact, I can say my life was saved by one of my own mules. I was on my mule, Mae Bea C.T., leading a group of four trail riders on horses up a switchback in the Rocky Mountains, when the trail began to get very narrow. It was 100 feet straight up on the right and 100 feet straight down on the left! I could not see very far ahead because the two-foot trail wrapped around a huge boulder and blocked my forward vision. As I rounded the boulder, with the horses right on my rear, I was faced with a trail that disappeared into a wide landslide of small rocks. I couldn’t go forward and, with the horses directly behind on the wider part of the trail, I couldn’t back up. The horses could turn around where they were, but I couldn’t. I waited for the horses to get turned around, and then indicated to Mae Bea C.T. that I wanted a tight turn on the haunches. She sat her rear back on her haunches and swung her front legs over the 100-foot drop in a smooth and effortless 180-degree turn, facing next in exactly the opposite direction. She then stopped and waited for my next cue to lead the horses safely back down the trail. I shudder to think what could have happened had she been a nervous horse.
“Mule Fever” happens when you find yourself hopelessly involved with a mule…or many mules! Suddenly, there is no other equine that will do. Many people liken a mule to a dog, but dogs are unconditionally faithful and submissive, whereas the mule challenges your soul. He innocently challenges you to be the best (or worst) person you can be—more like very young children would do. You might as well be tangling with an elephant if you don’t learn how to correctly ask the mule to do what you want. Most folks end up just dangling at the end of a lead rope or hanging on for dear life during a runaway—if they are lucky enough not to get dumped on the ground and possibly stomped on or kicked! If a person finally learns what a mule has to teach, there cannot be a more reliable, intelligent and loyal friend. At the end of a day spent with mules, one is tired, but it’s a good tired. The activity has increased circulation throughout the body, making the body tired and the mind alert. This makes for a good night’s sleep, and the next day, the cycle begins again—with joy!
Although the therapeutic value of the mule goes back as far as his own history, the idea of intentionally using mules for actual therapy did not come until much later. One of the most successful therapeutic stories involving mules is that of the Vision Quest Wagon Train. Vision Quest founder, Bob Burton, had a dream to use mules and the discipline and hard work of a real wagon train to help troubled kids. So, in 1976, the first Vision Quest Wagon Train was launched. In this life-changing program, 36 at-risk teens were required to spend one year traveling with six mule-powered wagon teams that went south in the winter and north in the summer. During the journey, the kids learned positive social skills and responsibility in caring for themselves and for their animals, with a solid success rate of 60 percent. (Mules really do make the best teachers!) Today, plans are being made on Facebook for a Vision Quest Wagon Train Reunion in 2012. Clips of the Vision Quest Wagon Train journeys can be seen on YouTube.
In 1985, an attempt was made by the Lynchburg Mule Trader’s Association, supported by the leadership of the Jack Daniels Distillery and U.S. Representative Jim Cooper, to designate October 26th as Mule Appreciation Day, in commemoration of George Washington’s receipt of Royal Gift, America’s first mammoth jack, from the King of Spain. Jack Daniels itself sponsored the first Mule Appreciation Day to gain publicity and support for the petition, which was passed by the House of Representatives by a substantial margin, but failed to pass in the Senate. The bill was later sent to a referral committee, where it languishes today. (Leave it to Congress to get our half-ass half-passed!) However, the spirit of mule lovers is undaunted—Mule Appreciation Day rose from the dead and has been celebrated ever since, even without the blessing of Congress. We red-blooded Americans love and appreciate our mules. Gratitude and appreciation are never outdated!
Covered in TRAINING MULES & DONKEY: A LOGICAL APPROACH TO TRAINING, TRAINING WITHOUT RESISTANCE, EQUUS REVISITED and A GUIDE TO RAISING & SHOWING MULES at www.luckythreeranchstore.com.
Are equines prey or predators? Although some trainers base their methods on the idea that equines should be approached as “prey,” this blog post by Sara Annon explains that the answer may not be that simple.
An excerpt:
The real lesson in this is that the predator/prey model of horsemanship is inaccurate. Rodents are prey animals. Horses are herd animals. Their enemy is the weather (click here and here). Horses die from hypothermia in winter, drought in summer, and starvation when grazing is scarce. Weakened animals are picked off by the occasional courageous wolf pack or lion. I say courageous because it only takes one quick smack with a hoof to break bones, and for a predator that is a death sentence.
Years ago, I believed that all I needed to have an equine was a halter, bridle and saddle, a water bucket and a patch of grass with a fence around it. I didn’t even think about shelter until much later when I finally decided that a garage would do. I now know that there is a lot of responsibility in taking care of equines and that it is an ongoing learning experience. Like most of us, I was a little lazy and wanted shortcut ways to deal with my equines so I could get right to the pleasure of riding. After many heart wrenching experience, I discovered that I did not have to be overwhelmed with management and training responsibilities, just more organized and practical. Finding simple, logical and appropriate answers to management and training questions became my mission.
Mules and donkeys, contrary to popular belief, are sensitive to colic and founder when left on pasture. They can develop fat rolls and patches all over their bodies when allowed to graze freely. This eventually will become a very expensive and potentially devastating condition if left unattended. Muzzles have been developed to keep equines from grazing too voraciously and hopefully, this can prevent the incidence of colic and founder, but I can’t help but think that there will be a certain amount of frustration involved when using such short cut devices that can manifest itself in other areas of interaction with your equine. The animal will take to the muzzle because there is a reward of grazing to follow, but to be prevented from fully enjoying their grazing has to be frustrating at times.
Beyond the incidence of possible frustration is the simple threat of them getting the muzzle caught on something with no one around to help them if they do get caught on anything. One of my strictest safety rules is to never leave a halter on an unsupervised animal for the same reason. I have seen too many animals maimed, paralyzed and even killed by leaving anything around their neck and head.
The muzzle encircles the delicate muzzle of the equine where the skin is very thin and sensitive. The lips can become scabby and sores can develop on the tongue.
A muzzle can chafe and burn these sensitive areas with prolonged use and create a very sore mouth. Again, if they do get sore, using a bit can become painful and cause resistance in training.
It is easier to employ simple management practices to keep your equine healthy and happy. Your equine should be kept in a smaller area for evening feedings, overnight and for morning feedings. This has several benefits: 1) Each animal can be checked every day for any injuries or anomalies, 2) He will not have to fight for his food, he can sleep uninterrupted and be more calm and fresh each day, 3) You will then be able to turn him out at specific times for grazing during the day and he will willingly come back from the pasture each night. This way you can monitor his grazing intake so he will not be able to overgraze and colic, or founder, 4) the smaller area affords you a confined space for beginning training so there is no need to chase him, or be interrupted by other animals.
If you feed only grass hay in the mornings and feed his oats mix in the evenings with grass hay, you can monitor his pasture time easily. In the spring when the grass is growing and very rich, you can begin to turn him out an hour before feeding time and he will happily come back in to get his evening oats. Then add an additional hour each week to slowly accustom his digestive tract to the new grass until you have worked him up to a maximum grazing time of five hours. This will generally produce a healthy, happy animal of any age that can maintain his ideal weight and body condition.
When you feed only grass hay in the mornings, he will look forward to his lessons with you and be waiting at the gate, knowing there are oats rewards to be earned. What your animal is eating can have a direct impact on his response to training. Many feeds can cause hypertension in Longears (and horses, too!) and an inability to focus for any length of time. Mules and donkeys require a lot less feed than horses because they are half donkey and donkeys are desert animals. Too much feed or the wrong kind of feed and you run the risk of colic, or founder.
We feed an oats mix to our average sized mules of 1-2 cups of crimped oats, 1 oz. of Sho Glo vitamins (by Manna Pro) and 1 oz. Mazola corn oil (for hooves, coat and digestive tract regularity). The oats must be broken open in some way (crimped, steamed, rolled, etc.) as equines cannot digest whole oats. We feed this once a day in the evenings, grass hay twice a day and we monitor weight gain with the hay and pasture intake. Miniatures get one fourth as much of the oats mix and grass hay, and draft animals will need twice as much. Do not alter or modify this with other products in any way for the best results.
Also, make sure they have access to a trace mineral salt block for their salt and mineral needs. We worm our equines with Ivermectin in January, March, May, July and September and then break the cycle with Strongid in November. We vaccinate in the spring and fall. Consult your veterinarian for the types of vaccines you will need for your area. You should never feed Longears (donkeys, or mules) any pre-mixed sweet feeds, or products high in alfalfa. This is actually a very easy and inexpensive way to manage the feeding and grazing of your equines without the worry of muzzles. It’s just a matter of getting into this healthy routine.
Meredith is pleased to have contributed an anecdote to the first edition of a new book series featuring humorous, equine-related stories called Horse Tales for the Funny Bone, Volume 1. The tales were collected by Bonnie Marlewski-Probert at Whitehall Publishing, who also put together the Horse Tales for the Soul series. Horse Tales for the Funny Bone features stories about all breeds, all styles of riding, and all age groups—60 in all. This book is sure to brighten your day and put a smile on your face, and makes the perfect gift for all the equine lovers in your life! Also, the book will be used to help fundraising efforts for therapeutic riding centers. Get your own copy of Horse Tales for the Funny Bone, Volume 1, here!
To celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Los Angeles Aqueduct, artist Lauren Bon, in collaboration with Metabolic Studio and the LA Department of Water and Power, is retracing the steps of the aqueduct’s original construction, from Owens Valley to LA–with a 100 mule pack train. Their journey started on October 18, and the convoy is expected to arrive at the Los Angeles Equestrian Center in Griffith Park on November 11, with stops along the way at the Lone Pine Rodeo Grounds, Jawbone Canyon, and the Hansen Dam.
The mules are being cared for by Jennifer and Lee Roeser, who run the McGee Pack Station in the Eastern Sierra range, and who received the “Most Honored Packers” award at Bishop Mule Days in 2010. They are utilizing one wrangler per 10-mule string, with about 35 people total on the support staff and 10 support vehicles to supply the mules with food, water, gear, and medical care.
The pack train will be passing through three counties and over 50 California communities before reaching their final destination. It’s appropriate that this project will be sharing and celebrating mules’ contributions to the country, especially in anticipation of Mule Appreciation Day on October 26.
For more information, check out the LA Times article about the project.
This is a special entry by Phil Yellott, owner of Romulus, who has been certified by the Guinness Book of World Records as the World’s Largest Donkey.
Cara and I wanted to get a couple of donkeys for guard animals. We saw a couple of mammoth donkeys on Craigslist, who were very skinny and underfed. We contacted the owner, and were able to negotiate a price so we could get them. We named them Romulus and Remus after the legendary founders of the Roman empire. Romulus is 9 years old, and his little brother Remus is 7.
The two brothers are very close, most of the time it is like having one donkey with eight feet! We love them very much. We have been working very hard to get them healthy. We contacted the American Donkey and Mule Society (ADMS) about whether they were registered, and were told that if they were as tall as we thought, that they might be a candidate for the world’s tallest donkey. After researching the record, we saw that Oklahoma Sam was 15.3, and it seemed like Romulus was a good bit taller than that.
At about 3:30 PM on Friday, February 8th, 2013 at 4C Stables, Dr. Valerie Jaffe, D.V.M., measured Romulus three times, each time finding his height to be 17 hands, or 68 inches tall. This is 172.72 centimeters in height.His brother Remus was also measured, and he was measured at 16.2 hands, 66” in height.
If you would like to have them at your event, please contact us. -Phil
Romulus’s information:
Size: 17 Hands (68 Inches, 172.72 CM)
Weight: about 1200 pounds
Age: 9
Breed: American Mammoth Jackstock
The tallest donkey living is Romulus, a 9-year-old American Mammoth Jackstock, who measured 17 hands (172.72 cm; 5 ft 8 in) tall on 8 February 2013, and is owned by Cara and Phil Yellott of Red Oak, Texas, USA.
Cara Barker Yellott and Phil Yellott
Proud owners of Romulus and Remus
3708 Ovilla Rd.
Red Oak, TX 75154
cara@cbyequestrian.com
phil@yellott.com Romulus’ Website Romulus’ Facebook
214-724-8527 (Cara)
903-399-6851 (Phil)
By Meredith Hodges
Once the heavier coat is eliminated, a weekly grooming will keep his coat nicely maintained. Daily grooming before a show, or every other day, is even better. Each time you groom him before riding, check and clip as needed the muzzle hairs, around the eyes and ears, and around the coronet bands. Leave the hairs inside the ears to prevent irritation from bugs and flies, but trim the outside edges and backs of the ears. An ounce of corn oil in his feed daily will assure a healthy sheen in his coat on show day without the use of artificial highlighters. Trimming, or shoeing, your mule on a regular six-eight week schedule will assure that his feet will not need attending at the last minute. A routine vaccination, deworming, Coggins testing and a permanent brand inspection will make sure he is ready for transport to any show anywhere at any time. Then, all that remains to be done right before the show is minor clipping, bathing, and polishing hooves.
Then, tack up your animal, checking each piece of equipment to make sure that it is in working order. Go ahead and practice the class. Then, as you unpack your mule, set the tack aside from the rest in your tack room for cleaning later. Do this for each animal in each class. Your animals will do better at the show if they get plenty of rest before the show, so it is wise to spend the day before the show cleaning your tack, clothes, and equipment. Before you begin to clean, load all the items into your trailer that are all ready to go without cleaning. Then, as you clean the remaining items, load them directly into the trailer as you finish them.
can be left until morning, or last minute, provided that you put them in a highly visible spot with a list of what is to be put in attached. Do not try to rely on your memory, as it will be clouded by the excitement and anticipation of the show.
If classes are spaced fairly close together and you are using more than one animal, it is wise to tack up the other animals ahead of time so they are ready to go. If you are using only one saddle for more than one animal, the other animals can still be bridled with the halter slipped over it, so they can be tied and waiting. Be sure to tie up the reins so they will not be chewed or stepped on. If you are using the same mule throughout the show, tacking and stripping should not be too time-consuming if your equipment is well organized.
By Meredith Hodges
chest is composed of one wide muscle mass that resembles a turkey’s breast, which greatly enhances the mobility of the front quarters. Another example is found in the mule’s hindquarters, where the long, wide and smooth muscles enable the mule to kick forward, backwards and sideways—he can even scratch the top of his head with a hind foot if he wants to! Mules are also quite capable of climbing under, over and through most kinds of fencing. Restraints that are used with horses often do not work with mules because of their astounding ability to free themselves from annoying circumstances with their strong, quick and agile movements. Because the hindquarters of the horse possess bulkier muscle masses, the horse does not have this incredible range of motion. The difference in muscular structure is similar to that of a ballet dancer versus that of a weight lifter—the ballet dancer’s longer, smoother muscles are more conducive to elasticity and agility.
In addition to this physical structure, which allows him more diverse range of movement, the mule also inherits from his sire (the donkey jack) the strength to tolerate prolonged and strenuous use of his muscles. One need only try to budge an unwilling donkey to realize his incredible strength! Donkeys traditionally possess an unbelievable vigor, and this vigor is passed on to the mule, adding to his superiority over the horse in strength and endurance. The donkey jack also contributes to the superior, tough hooves of the mule and a unique resistance to parasites and disease. Throughout their long history, the donkey’s natural ability to survive and thrive in habitats both desolate and unyielding guarantees that donkeys and their mule offspring are more sure-footed than other equines and masters of self-preservation.
As a rule, donkeys are equipped with the innate intelligence to sense that humans are not always concerned with what is really best for them, yet they are still willing to gives us the opportunity to convince them otherwise. Donkeys also have a natural social attraction to humans and, when treated with patience, kindness and understanding, they learn to trust and obey. On the other hand, if they are treated with pain and abuse, they are not likely to comply and can become very dangerous to handle. Mules and donkeys have an honest way of responding to our demands, so if your mule or donkey is not complying with your request, you need to review the clarity of how you are communicating your desire and adjust your approach accordingly. The intelligence of the donkey is no accident.
The old saying, “No foot, no mule” is literally true, as it is in any nomadic animal. If the hooves are not trimmed and balanced properly, it will offset the balance of the equine’s entire body and can compromise longevity in the animal because his entire internal structure will be compromised. Most equines will need to be trimmed or shod every 6-8 weeks whether horse, mule or donkey.
Although he is often confused with his sire, the donkey, the mule is the symbol of neither the Republicans nor the Democrats. During past political campaigns, certain Republicans actually declined to have their picture taken with a mule, because they were either ignorant of the difference between a mule and a donkey, or they were afraid that the mule would be mistaken for the Democratic Party’s symbol—the donkey.
Mule stories from the past are numerous in this great country of ours. The number of mules (and horses) in the U.S. peaked in 1919, at 26.5 million. The United States of America was quite literally built on the backs of its mules—they pulled supply wagons in the cities, forged west with the early settlers across the vast prairies, packed hunters’ gear in the mountains, plodded underground with the coal miners and plowed the Southern cotton fields. They have participated in war alongside our brave soldiers, and have found their place in the field of entertainment. They even helped with the excavation of the Pasadena Rose Bowl.
After the onset of the Industrial Revolution, the number of mules in the U.S. declined, and in 1967, there were less than ten thousand. But happily, in recent years, renewed interest and public awareness have sparked a steady increase in the mule population.
Obviously, I have one of the worst cases of “Mule Fever” ever suffered! But then, here I am—older, wiser and without any broken bones due to my association with mules. In fact, I can say my life was saved by one of my own mules. I was on my mule, Mae Bea C.T., leading a group of four trail riders on horses up a switchback in the Rocky Mountains, when the trail began to get very narrow. It was 100 feet straight up on the right and 100 feet straight down on the left! I could not see very far ahead because the two-foot trail wrapped around a huge boulder and blocked my forward vision. As I rounded the boulder, with the horses right on my rear, I was faced with a trail that disappeared into a wide landslide of small rocks. I couldn’t go forward and, with the horses directly behind on the wider part of the trail, I couldn’t back up. The horses could turn around where they were, but I couldn’t. I waited for the horses to get turned around, and then indicated to Mae Bea C.T. that I wanted a tight turn on the haunches. She sat her rear back on her haunches and swung her front legs over the 100-foot drop in a smooth and effortless 180-degree turn, facing next in exactly the opposite direction. She then stopped and waited for my next cue to lead the horses safely back down the trail. I shudder to think what could have happened had she been a nervous horse.
Although the therapeutic value of the mule goes back as far as his own history, the idea of intentionally using mules for actual therapy did not come until much later. One of the most successful therapeutic stories involving mules is that of the Vision Quest Wagon Train. Vision Quest founder, Bob Burton, had a dream to use mules and the discipline and hard work of a real wagon train to help troubled kids. So, in 1976, the first Vision Quest Wagon Train was launched. In this life-changing program, 36 at-risk teens were required to spend one year traveling with six mule-powered wagon teams that went south in the winter and north in the summer. During the journey, the kids learned positive social skills and responsibility in caring for themselves and for their animals, with a solid success rate of 60 percent. (Mules really do make the best teachers!) Today, plans are being made on Facebook for a Vision Quest Wagon Train Reunion in 2012. Clips of the Vision Quest Wagon Train journeys can be seen on YouTube.
